Cairo, the capital of Egypt, was founded in 969 AD by Jawhar al-Skali, the army chief during the reign of the Fatimid caliph al-Mu`izz, and with the expansion of the city over time, it included the ancient capitals that were established in the neighbourhood since the Arab conquest in AH 2064 / AD 641, such as Fustat, And modern Cairo contains within it many sites and monuments from different eras. The following monuments were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979: Al-Fustat, which includes the Nile Scale in Al-Rawda Island, Amr Ibn Al-Aas Mosque, the Hanging Church and the Temple of Ezra, the Mosque of Ibn Tulun, the Citadel and the Fatimid Constructions in Cairo and its tombs, the shrine of Imam Al-Shafi’i, the shrine of Sayyid Nafisa and the Qaitbay shrine.
