The history of shoes and slippers in ancient Egypt dates back to more than 5000 years.

,, The word "slipper" is of ancient Egyptian origin, and it is from the word "swibb" which means "foot size".  The history of shoes and slippers in ancient Egypt dates back to more than 5000 years, when men and women of Egypt were the first to wear shoes and sandals in the world and used them in their daily lives and others that they wore on occasions, including those made with high craftsmanship and dazzling fine taste, used in some pieces of gold and precious stones  And glass, as in the shoes of King Tutankhamun (1332-1323 BC),

Starbation wall in aswan.

Starvation Wall .

 “The starvation Panel is a carved rock found on the island of Suhail in Aswan, which talks about seven years of drought and starvation during the reign of King Djoser.”

 "At the top of the plate, Djoser makes offerings to three Egyptian gods, Khnum, Satis, and Enoch. It is believed that they were carved in the Ptolemaic era." 

 "The painting describes how the king was angry and anxious, due to the drought in which Egypt occurred for seven years, during which the Nile did not overflow. Zoser asked the priests of his minister, Imhotep, to help. The priests discussed the matter in the temple of Thoth in Hermopolis, and informed the priest of the king that who controlled  In the flood of the Nile is the god Khnum on Elephantine Island, and he is angry so he does not allow water to flow. 

 “Djoser commanded to carry the offerings to the south in an attempt to appease Khnum the next night, the king saw a dream that he was preparing

 Khnoum in it ends the famine.  The king also issued a decision granting the temple of Khnum in the proceeds of the area between Aswan and Elephantine, as well as a share of all imports of Nubia.

 "Since the initial translation and examination by French archaeologist Paul Barget in 1953, the Famine Panel was of great importance to historians and Egyptologists. The language and design lines used in the engraving indicate that the work can be traced back to the Ptolemaic period, and perhaps to the reign of Ptolemy V around  205: 180 BC Egyptologists such as Miriam Yachthaim and Werner Fisichel point out that the local priests of Khnum composed the text.

  The various religious groups in Egypt during the Ptolemaic dynasty were wrestling over power and influence, so the story of the Famine Panel could be used as a means to legalize the authority of the Khnum priests over Elephantine.

 "At the time of the translation of the painting for the first time, it was believed that it was related to the story of the biblical seven years famine in Genesis chapter 41 (the story of the Prophet Joseph). But more recent research has shown that the seven-year famine was a common myth among almost all cultures from the eastern region.  There is a legend in Mesopotamia that also speaks of a famine of seven years and is the famous epic poetic legend Gilgamesh.

 "Where God Anu gives prophecy about a famine for seven years

  Beside the Famine Panel there is an Egyptian story of long-term drought in the so-called (Book of the Temple) translated by German demotic linguist Joachim Friedrich Kwak, the ancient text of King Nefer-ka-Sucker (late in the second family), who faces a seven-year famine  During his reign .

 The Famine Panel is one of only three known inscriptions linking the name of the cartouche Zoser (“meaning: divine or holy”) with the name of Horus or Serekh Nter-Khet (“meaning: divine body”) of King Djoser in one word. Consequently, it is  It provides a useful guide for Egyptologists and historians involved in rebuilding the royal chronology of the ancient kingdom of Egypt.

wonderful ancient Egyptian jar.

A wonderful ancient Egyptian jar that was used in ceremonies and ancient religious rituals

 Ptolemaic Period, 305-30 BC

  Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio, USA

Pharaonic Egypt knew diseases and epidemics.

Pharaonic Egypt knew 

diseases and epidemics.  

We learned about these diseases from several sources.  The study of mummies and human remains provided us with many information about the diseases that the mummy owners suffered, the food they used to eat, the lineages, the causes of death, and others.  Ancient Egyptian art depicted some scenes that express the healing of the sick, and were rare.  However, the 

most important information about diseases came to us from papyri written in the hieroglyphic line or the hieratic line.

 We knew some diseases, such as eye diseases that were widespread, and occupied a prominent place in the medical papyri; this was natural in the atmosphere of Egypt known for the presence of sand and dust coming from the desert, but it was not depicted in art.  There are scenes of Aref, the fugitive, in the tombs of the Pharaohs, which may have been an artistic artifice to depict those who know the singing with their eyes closed, not because they are blind in reality.  There were also diseases caused by scorpion and snake bites that were widespread, as well as a prominent place in the medical papyri, and they were occurring as a result of Egypt's presence in the vast desert, and there are what we call in Egyptology as the "Horus magic paintings" that spread in the first millennium before the birth of  Christ, peace be upon him, and the purpose of these paintings was to provide protection for their owners against the threats and evils of s

and snakes.  There were diseases of the human internal organs, but they

were difficult to detect even in well-preserved mummies.  However, there are some diseases that have been discovered inside human organs, such as kidney stones, some of which were found through examination after the remains of mummies.  Tuberculosis was known and several cases were found that affected tuberculosis of the spine in human remnants. Some individuals with convex back were photographed, but this matter may have been due to a disease other than spinal tuberculosis, or to poor technical imaging.  Some cases of poliomyelitis were also known in ancient Egypt. A picture from the Amarna era depicted a man named "Ra with" with a lean leg and resting on a stick. This is the basic evidence of polio, and the deformities in King Sabbah's mummy from family 19 may return to the same disease.  Parasitic diseases such as schistosomiasis, guinea worm, roundworm and tapeworm were also found

 There are some diseases that did not leave any trace even in well-preserved objects, and some did not find a name for it in the ancient Egyptian vocabulary, which caused us a gap in our knowledge of these diseases.  Leprosy was unknown and its first cases were recorded in a Christian burial in Nubia in the sixth century AD.  The plague may be the disease called in the healing Egyptian papyri "Ta Net Amo", that is, "the Asian disease", but this is not certain, and we do not know why the disease was attributed to Asia.  Some written sources mention "Renbt Iyadat", which is the "Year of the Epidemic" associated with the goddess Sekhmet, the goddess who personified divine anger.  Papyri from the Roman era refer to the measures taken by the temple priest, Priest Sekhmet, to examine meat and livestock, and to protect against infection.  The history of diseases and epidemics in Pharaonic Egypt is very exciting, as is every issue of the great Egyptian civilization.

See what happened if you didn't pay taxes!

See what happened if youdidn't pay taxes! 

This image is part of a larger scene representing the punishment of village leaders for the non payment of taxes. These headmen have been brought before local tax officials and flogged, the whipping post being shown at the right end of the scene. Scribes located at the left end of the scene record the evidence. Everyone in the scene is named and their official titles given, the wrong-doers will be remembered for eternity.

From the mastaba of the vizier Mereruka (Dyn. VI; r. Teti) - Chamber A4/west wall - Teti Cemetery - Saqqara

Queen Hatshepsut in a revered position offering sacred oils Egyptian Museum.

Hatshepsut, or Amon Hatshepsut spoiled, is one of the ancient Egyptian 

queens.

 It was ranked in the fifth rank in the series of the eighteenth family kings, and the Egyptians considered it one of the symbols of the successful pharaohs.  It has its face on it and is located in the Metropolitan Museum, and in this article we will talk about it and its works in general.

Goddess Sekhmet .with large quantities of red beer.

Goddess Sekhmet 

 Ra the sun god, in the ancient Egyptian belief, infuriated people by making fun of them.  So he sent Sekhmet to take .revenge on them ... The revenge image of Hathor ... in order to kill these people.  However, Sekhmet enjoyed this mission very much, and she wrestled with the killing of people to the point that it killed almost all human beings.  Here, Ra deceived Sekhmet by providing her with large quantities of red beer, which resembled the color of blood, she drank him, drunk and calmed down until she stopped killing

One of the six heads of his daughters Akhenaten and Nefertiti.

This head is from the daughters of A

.and the husband of 

Nefertiti

 You mig

ht be asking why are these people envisioning this body and whether they were really like their heads ..

 The truth is that this style of art in the era of Akhenaten is called the art of Amarna ..

 Even the mummy of King Akhenaten himself did not prove that there is any problem in the form of his skull! Family 18 1400 B.C.

King's commandments to a minister.

Among the commandments of the great king Tuthmosis the Third to his minister Rakhmi Ra.

 The Lord is not satisfied with corruption bias ..

 Be watchful, as the minister is the mainstay of the whole earth.

 It is not for the minister to enslave people ..

 Listen to the complainant from the south and the delta or any spot

Pharaohs and makeup The first to make lipstick .

Pharaohs and makeup

 The first to make lipstick ..

 The ancient Egyptian was able to use makeup art brilliantly, manufacture and treat many pathological conditions related to the face, and during the following lines we reveal the secrets of making makeup and cosmetics in Pharaonic Egypt.

  There is a medical papyrus called "Edwin Smith Papyrus", which is one of the most important papyri that reveals the secrets of medical life in the era of the ancient Egyptian, and reveals that he was the first to make lipstick from red dye, and kohl was made from minerals such as lead sulfide and other stones and minerals, and is  Mix it until he gets the kohl to decorate the eyes, and there were two types of the first kohl in black called a nebula, and the second in green and called it a wage, explaining that the use of makeup was for the man and the female, it was not limited to the soft sex only.

 Henna was used to paint nails, and cosmetics such as brush and hair comb were made of pottery and wood, and oils such as almond oil or walnut oil were the primary ingredient in the cosmetic industry, stressing that what indicates the importance of makeup in ancient Egypt is the presence of a job in the palace  Pharaonic was under the name of a cosmetic specialist and the functions of that function are determined in bringing cosmetics to the king and queen and carefully selecting them, as well as preparing many cosmetic recipes to preserve the beauty of the face and hair of the pharaoh and his wife.

 And many cosmetic recipes that were made thousands of years ago to treat wrinkles, stressing that the ancient Egyptian was challenging the signs of skin progression through a recipe that is a mixture of gum gum, wax and an amount of oils, as well as adding a mixture of dear love according to specific proportions, and was  Facial burns are treated with another mixture which is a mixture of iron oxide and an amount of kohl mixed together and applied to the affected part or burns can be treated with another mixture which is also a mixture of carob and honey.

  The ancient Egyptians did not stop there, rather they treated bad breath through the use of a rinse with milk, or by chewing “frankincense.” They also treated the smell of sweat by grinding carob and are mixed with aromatic oils and the body is painted to prevent bad smell, according to Edwin's papyrus.  Smith, how the ancient Egyptian handled the smell of sweat with a mixture of honey, beesweed and sea salt, where the mixture was mixed to apply to the body.

That the ancient Egyptian was aware of the importance of the body and was keen on its comfort in the free time, so we find that our ancestors were the first to know the natural massage sessions, and according to one of the pictures found in the cemetery of Ankh what is mired in the Saqqara region, there was a job whose tasks is to do a foot and hand massage to get  Relax.

  Just as our ancestors excelled in beautifying the face and body, they were pioneers in caring for and maintaining hair, confirming that they were the first to treat baldness disease, and they were using lettuce slices on the affected part.  Hair through the action of an ointment from deer antlers after it has been ground and mixed with natural oils, or the treatment of white hair through the blood of oxen is boiled in oil and applied to the hair.

 That the ancient Egyptian was given to cosmetics a great importance, as many loading tools were found inside the tombs of the kings, and the most prominent kings who were keen on using make-up was Queen Nefertiti, Queen Nefertari and King Tutankhamen ..

football Pharaonic invention.

football

 of Hatshepsut and Habu are enough to draw attention to the fact that the ancient Egyptians who excelled in medical sciences, embalming and engineering were not absent from their minds.

 Sports games were used as a recreation in the festivals and seasonal celebrations in Pharaonic Egypt, including sports competitions between two individuals or two groups according to a sports system and law. In this context, the ancient Egyptians invented many of the games they presented as a gift to humanity.

 Among the most prominent of these games is "football", as Pharaonic Egypt was competing with the countries of the Greeks and the Chinese for the honor of being the first to invent the most popular game in the world.  From goatskin or straw skin, they kicked it with their feet, so if a team pushed it to a line the width of the playing field was a goal.

  Ball games were famous in ancient Egypt as they are famous today. The ancient Egyptian was the first to invent ball games and recorded them on the walls of his tombs, more than 5,000 years ago in Saqqara and Bani Hassan, and many balls were already found in excavation sites, stuffed with fibers of palm trees and paper  Papyrus or straw, covered with leather bound with cloth or thread.

 The controversy over the proportions of football in 2004 was resolved in a book by the International Federation of Football "FIFA" published in 2004 on the occasion of its centenary, affirming that the oldest football in human history was in Pharaonic Egypt.

 Football was not restricted to men, as Pharaonic drawings illustrated girls hitting a ball with their feet and passing it between them.

An ancient Egyptian coin.

An ancient Egyptian coin of pure gold.  Died in the city of Alexandria

 Engraved with the image of Queen (Brinky II), the wife of King (Ptolemy III)

  The Hellenistic period between (234-221 BC).

Abu Simbel Temple.

Abu Simbel Temple

 The number of columns 12

 Hours of flight Ra at n.

wall painting is over 3,000 years old.

Details of a colorful inscription from the grave of a person called "Nab Amun" from the era of the New Kingdom

 A group of colorful cows appears to be taken for presentation and counting in front of "Nab Amoun"

 The most important thing in the inscription is the person kneeling in the front on the left side, a kind of submission to his master, "Nab Amun"

 This ancient Egyptian wall painting is over 3,000 years old.

 It shows Nebamun - a mid-ranking official - inspecting flocks of geese and herds of cattle, while farmers squabble in the queue

Ramses II, and he is still the crown prince.

RSMSESII

                   

 He is Ramses II, and he is still the crown prince, his mother is Seti the first, and his mother is (TOE), who is from the general people, his son (Raya) is the commander in chief of the Egyptian Army.

 The young prince, Ramses, was a descendant of soldiers, and he was chosen from a very early date to succeed his father, Seti I.

 Together with Seti's mother, he has been in power since the seventh year of his father’s rule.  Ramses II says.  (One day, my father appeared in a glory to the people, and I was a little child in his hands, and he said about me is a king, so I can see his perfection while I am still alive. So the court men put the crown on my head. Then he said, my father also put the prayer on his head so as to ensure the unity of this country.  I wore and singled me with a royal harem from the palace's beautiful women and chose for my wives and concubines, for I was like Ra over the people, and even Upper and Lower Egypt has since been under my hand)

  Prince Ramses was the second in the prime of life when he started his military training, but went with his mother in the campaigns of Asia. He had pain from a very early time in the arts of war and knew about the intrigues that were made by kings and princes of the Near East and the inherent dangers that were still threatening Egypt, but he was able to  He draws the war plans during his father’s reign, as he led a military campaign to Nubia when he was twenty-two years old, and even took with him his young sons (Amun Free and Num F), five-year-old and (Kh-Am-O-O), four-year-old, and victory was the ally of this campaign.

 Rameses II ascended the throne of Egypt and remained crowned king for a period of 67 years, and it was one of the longest and most majestic in the history of the Nile Valley.  67 years of his empire has been moving from victory to victory as a result of thought and activity based on determination and determination

 Before any political activity, Ramses II wanted to honor his father and wanted to hold an official funeral for him. City had died in a palace near the city of Tanis, and his kindness was reported to the news about the opening of the cemetery that was dug in complete secrecy in the rock of the Valley of the Kings and Ramses II sent the guards to his guards.  His father’s body was the embalming period of 70 days, and after completing the mummy’s preparation, a long procession took off from the boats up the Nile River, heading to the south, Ramses II advanced, and after a slow journey that lasted 15 days, he was depositing in his city’s empire, and Ramses II knew about himself.  The procession went the way to the cemetery and it was  Abbot Al Dhahabi lying on his crawl with furniture and precious pieces while Ramses II stood standing incense on his father’s body amid the screams of mourners and groaning the masses of people and burial of Ramses II I sell with his hands to lie in the house of his eternity next to his father Osiris.

Bastet Jar .... from Ancient Egyptian Art.

Bastet Jar .... from Ancient Egyptian Art

The modern state (1550-1069 BC)

 Discovery site: Giza, Saqqara

  The goddess "Bastet" was named after the ancient Egyptian city "Bast"

 It is the current "Tel Basta" area next to Zagazig in Sharkia Governorate.  Many small statues of this goddess were found in this area.

Funerary mask.

Funerary mask of a mummy from the New Kingdom

 Dynasty 18 ..

 From Thebes .. The Brussels Museum ..

 One of the most beautiful pieces of art and mastered well.

Why is the ancient Egyptian naked in all the sculptures?

Why is the ancient Egyptian naked in all the sculptures? They did not fall. They didn’t have a sincere soul. Someone answered me hard.

Because he wants to stay like this in the other world

 I want the soul to perfectly fit on a body without imperfections

 And the scenes that are envisioned on the walls are these work scenes in the other world, not in the life of the world, because it was like that.

 And in a picture in winter clothing, almost from the Ramesses era, Ramesses the Fifth began to depict the scenes of actual life on the walls.

 And the clothes appeared in the sculpture of his favor, meaning the abayas that reach the middle of the sower are present in the sculpture from the era of Amenhotep the Third entered as an effect from the Near East

Big archaeological discovery in Egypt .

Big archaeological discovery in Egypt .

 Coffins Cachette Discovery in Luxor

 At least 20 coffins with mummies in an excellent preservation, wow

 A great archeology revealed  in Luxor

 A cache was found containing a large number of wooden coffins with all their contents and in excellent condition on the western mainland in Luxor dating back to ancient Egypt

The acrobatic-and dancer .

The acrobatic-ecstatic dance performance for the vizier Merefnebef and a wife

These Female dancers are represented standing on one foot with the upper body bent backwards, with the second leg straightened and kicking high into the air and with both arms outstretched and raised in the same direction. They wear short skirts and crossed bands across their chests. A Libyan origin for these outfits has been suggested and so these bands are often referred to as `Libyan bands'. The dancers are accompanied by a woman clapping hands.

Special attention may also be given to the disk headdress worn by these women. The hairstyle is attested since the Fifth Dynasty and was originally used as an attribute of daughters. It obviously developed from a single braid with a curled end worn by young girls that was later adapted, and a disc-shaped or sphere-shaped weight was fitted into the curl. In the Sixth Dynasty, the hairstyle began to be worn by girls performing various acrobatic dances.

According to Altenmüller, Old Kingdom scenes associated with music and dance may represent either the temporary return of the deceased to this life or his return to the offering table. He considered it to be a ritual by which musicians caused the return of the deceased from the hereafter by means of invoking Hathor. These scenes can be seen as early forms of funerary festivals ... thanks to the music and intervention of Hathor, the deceased was able to participate in the festival and being regenerated.

Tomb of Merefnebef (mrrw-n-nbw.f) Dyn. VI - interior of the main chapel /South wall (upp- reg). - Saqqara

Bibliography

Ľubica Hudáková - The Representations of Women in the Middle Kingdom Tombs of Officials: Studies in Iconography (2019)

Source and image

OSIRISNET https://www.osirisnet.net/mastabas/merefnebef/e_merefnebef_01.htm

King Akhnateon as a crying statue .

The Colossal Statues of Akhenaten at East Karnak depict the 18th dynasty pharaoh, Akhenaten .

(also known as Amenophis IV or Amenhotep IV), in a distorted representation of the human form. The statues are believed to be from early in his reign, which lasted arguably from either 1353 to 1336 BCE or 1351 to 1334 BCE. The excavation, begun by Henri Chevrier in 1925, uncovered twenty-five fragments of the broken colossi in 

Eastern Karnak in Thebes,
 which are now located in the Cairo Museum in Egypt.

Gold chest necklace .From the family era 22 .

After the year 950 BC, the king in Egypt became a family of foreign origin, historians have disagreed about what it is.  Its early kings defined themselves as the leader of the disorganized and often abbreviated to the leader of the Ma, but they sometimes wrote the leader of the aliens, the descendents of the foreign tribes that the kings Mernahtah and Ra'amis III (Ismaraamtaramarammon) struggled to repel.

 Nevertheless, the kings of the Twenty-Second Dynasty are not considered new invaders, as the most common theories are that they are descendants of the prisoners and sometimes volunteer settlers who were given the right of residency in exchange for their service in the soldier.  Perhaps what prompted the Libyan tribes to migrate towards the Nile Valley was a famine that affected their homeland.  Whatever the reason, they became influential and integrated into Egyptian society and reached power peacefully.  Like the hexos before them, they were keen to appear as the original Egyptians, and if their foreign names show their reality like the hangings, the chains, and the treasures of those who were in the kingdom in the twenty-second family according to Maniton, which included in addition to the above-mentioned six other kings whose names are unknown, they ruled for 120 years .

HD FHARONIC PHOTO.