Muhammad Ali RETURN.

After the founder of the dynasty, Muhammad Ali Pasha (1805 - 1849) was able to become independent in Egypt from the Ottomans, his grandson Ismail (1863-1879) managed in 1867 to embody the efforts of his ancestors and became effectively the independence of Egypt. Khedive Tawfiq (1879 - 1892), then his grandson Abbas Hilmi Pasha II (1892-1914), continued on this road and continued building the modern state. Because of huge projects such as the Suez Canal, the conquest of Sudan, the construction of railways and museums, and the attempt to imitate the civilizational system of Europe, Egypt became a city with huge funds for major European powers (France and Britain). That was the direct reason for the entry of British forces into Egypt in 1882. Then, since 1914, Egypt came under British protection. These conditions led to many popular revolts against the occupation. In 1914, Egypt became the Sultanate and the rule of Hussein Kamel (1914-1917) and Fouad I (1917-1936). In 1922 Fouad I declared himself king of Egypt. The era of monarchy in Egypt ended with the revolution of July 1952, and King Farouk I (1936 - 1952) was overthrown and the Republic of Egypt was proclaimed.