Textbook describing 48 cases dealing with wounds and trauma.

Edwin Smith Papyrus.

This papyrus is the world's oldest surviving surgical text. It was written in Egyptian hieratic script around the 17th century BC, probably based on material from a thousand years earlier. 

The papyrus is a surgical textbook describing 48 cases dealing with wounds and trauma. American archaeologist Edwin Smith discovered the papyrus in Egypt in the 1860s. It is now in the New York Academy of Medicine.